Take a fresh look at the evidence on specific and relevant topics related to cardiovascular disease. Review the following learning resources to grasp topics, including:

• Sympathetic nervous system over activity as a pathogenetic mechanism in hypertensive-related cardiovascular risk and discuss if this parameter can be considered a target in antihypertensive treatment
• The role of fixed dose combinations in the treatment of hypertension and address the therapeutic relevance of the new fixed dose combination beta-blocker/calcium antagonist
• Best practice according to guidelines for treating hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease
• Complex transition from hypertension to heart failure and discuss the possible beneficial effect of pharmacological treatment
• The best beta-blocker compound when treating patients with diabetes

Sympathetic nervous system and cardiovascular risk

G. Mancia (Italy)

Should increased heart rate be considered a target in cardiovascular treatment?

H. A.J. Struijker-Boudier (The Netherlands)

New possibilities for the fixed-dose combination treatment in hypertension

S. Taddei (Italy)

Best practice in the management of stable chronic angina

B. Tomlinson (Hong Kong)

From hypertension to heart failure: prevention strategies

E. Erdmann (Germany)

Use of betablockers in diabetes

G. Grassi (Italy)

The role of beta-blockers in hypertensive patients

H. A.J. Struijker-Boudier (The Netherlands)

How to optimize treatment in patients with heart failure

E. Erdmann (Germany)